1)从源头制止污染,而不是在末端治理污染。
It Is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been creat.
2)合成方法应具备“原子经济性”原则,即尽量使参加反应过程的原子都进入最终产物。
Synthetic methods should be desighed to maximize incorporation of all materails used in the process into the final product.
3)在合成方法中尽量不使用和不产生对人类健康和环境有毒有害的物质。
Wherever practicable,synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment.
4)设计具有高使用效益低环境毒性的化学产品。
Chemical products should be designed to preserve efficacy of function while reducing toxicity.
5)尽量不用溶剂等辅助物质,不得已使用时它们必须是无害的。
The use of auxiliary substances(e.g.,solvents,separation agents,etc.)should be made unnecessary wherever possible and,innocuous when use.
6)生产过程应该在温和的温度和压力下进行,而且能耗最低。
Energy requirements should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized .synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.
7)尽量采用可再生的原料,特别是用生物质代替石油和煤等矿物原料。
A raw material or feeedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically and economically practicable.
8)尽量减少副产品。
Unnecessary derivatization(use of blocking groups,protection/deprotection,temporary modification of physical/chemical processes)should be minimized or avoided if possible,because such steps require additional reagents and can generate waste.
9)使用高选择性的催化剂。
Catalytic reagents(as selective as possible)are superior to stoichiometric reagents.
10)化学产品在使用完后能降解成无害的物质并且能进入自然生态循环。
Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they break down into innocuous degradation products and do not persist in the environment.
11)发展适时分析技术以便监控有害物质的形成。
Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time,in-process monitoring and contrle prior to the formation of hazardous substances.
12)选择参加化学过程的物质,尽量减少发生意外事故的风险。
Sustance and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimize the potential for chemical accidents,including releases,explosions,and fires.